FINRA has fined Revere Securities LLC $800,000 for anti-money laundering (AML) and supervisory violations related to small-cap initial public offerings (IPOs) for foreign-based issuers. As part of the settlement, FINRA also required Revere to retain a third-party consultant to conduct a review of compliance with FINRA rules, obtain a report from the consultant with recommendations on how to remediate its supervisory procedures and systems, and implement those recommendations.

FINRA found that Revere acted as a lead underwriter or selling group member for foreign-based, small-cap IPOs that bore hallmarks of potential “ramp-and-dump” schemes, failed to detect and report potentially suspicious transactions related to those issuers, and did not have a reasonable customer identification or due diligence program.

“Ramp-and-dump schemes are a direct threat to investors and to the integrity of U.S. markets, and broker-dealers that underwrite or distribute offerings for these issuers are on the front lines of defense,” said Bill St. Louis, Executive Vice President and Head of Enforcement at FINRA. “When a firm builds its core underwriting business around IPOs of this type, it must implement robust compliance controls tailored to the risks and take seriously its responsibility to detect and investigate suspicious activity. At FINRA, we remain vigilant in identifying, investigating and addressing risks involving small-cap issuers and the firms that serve them.”

Since 2022, Revere’s core business has included serving as a lead underwriter or selling group member in IPOs for predominantly foreign-based small-cap issuers, more than 40 of which involved issuers that operated in Hong Kong or China. In some of Revere’s small-cap IPOs, the issuers’ stock prices experienced significant, unusual price increases immediately after the IPO before rapidly collapsing, resulting in millions of dollars in secondary market losses. Trading in Revere accounts bore multiple indications of potential manipulation, including coordinated trading and trading a significant portion of the daily volume.

Revere’s customers for these offerings included customers from foreign jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong or China. Despite this, the firm did not have adequate procedures to verify its customers’ true identities. Multiple sets of seemingly unrelated customers opened new accounts on the same dates, reported living at the same residential addresses, and then proceeded to engage in identical, or substantially similar, trading patterns in the same issuers.

In one instance, Revere allocated more than $1.5 million worth of IPO shares, almost all its allotment, to just eight customers who all were referred to Revere by a foreign broker-dealer. Four of those account holders claimed to be unemployed yet reported income exceeding $200,000 annually, and seven of the eight applications contained contradictory information about the source of deposited funds. Revere opened all eight accounts anyway, without adequately verifying the accuracy of the customers’ information.

On IPO day, the stock surged 318% before collapsing more than 50% by the close of the market. All eight customers sent emails on the same day directing Revere to liquidate their shares from IP addresses that could be traced back to countries other than where the customers purportedly lived. Revere did not identify any of these factors as potentially suspicious.

Prior to the issuance of the letter of acceptance, waiver and consent, Revere had already engaged a third-party consultant to review and recommend changes to Revere’s AML program. In settling this matter, Revere Securities consented to the entry of FINRA’s findings without admitting or denying the charges.

This matter underscores FINRA’s heightened focus on the risks involved with small-cap issuers. In October 2025, FINRA announced a review of firm practices regarding public and private offerings of small-cap exchange-listed issuers with business operations in foreign jurisdictions such as China. That sweep, which commenced after this matter was underway, remains ongoing.

FINRA makes available disciplinary actions and other information on its Disciplinary Actions Online database. In addition, FINRA publishes on its Monthly Disciplinary Actions page a summary of disciplinary actions against member firms and individuals for violations of FINRA rules; federal securities laws, rules and regulations; and the rules of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board. FINRA’s use of fine monies is limited to specific purposes set forth in its public Financial Guiding Principles, which are approved by its Board of Governors. FINRA publicly itemizes and discloses how it uses fine monies each year.

About FINRA

FINRA is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to investor protection and market integrity. FINRA regulates one critical part of the securities industry—member brokerage firms doing business in the U.S. FINRA, overseen by the SEC, writes rules, examines for and enforces compliance with FINRA rules and federal securities laws, registers broker-dealer personnel and offers them education and training, and informs the investing public. In addition, FINRA provides surveillance and other regulatory services for equities and options markets, as well as trade reporting and other industry utilities. FINRA also administers a dispute resolution forum for investors and brokerage firms and their registered employees. For more information, visit www.finra.org.

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